Essentially, that DLC either needs to be on the 360 disc itself and installed via that, or you need to purchase the DLC from Xbox.com or via your Xbox 360, if you happen to still have it. The Xbox 360’s store and thus everything in it is separate from the Xbox One’s store, and is not emulated or accessed through backwards compatibility.
Speaking to Game Informer, Microsoft told them that DLC of any kind should work absolutely fine, stating that: “We will support both digital and disc-based entitlements for Xbox 360 games running on Xbox One,”
Thus, DLC will work for all the supported games, however, so never fear if you’re really curious about the extended ending of Mass Effect 3 and wanted to try the Xbox 360 version. Installing DLC you already own, or have purchased through the online store is simple, just navigate the game in My Games and Apps, select the game you want to download DLC for, then select Manage Game, then you’ll be able to select any of the DLC options that are available for it.